five books from africa

Not so long ago I failed an online Intercultural Competency quiz.

Yikes.  That does not sound so good for someone in my line of work.  It is embarassing.  I resolved to broaden my reading and have set a summer goal of reading books originating from different continents.  This past summer it was Africa.  I made my way to the buffet, otherwise known as the Langham Publishing catalogue (link here), and loaded up my plate…

It is now April — the summer has past, the air is autumnal — but I got there in the end.

One of my enduring questions is “What does exposition sound like among oral preference learners?”  In Expository Preaching in Africa (link here), Ezekiel A. Ajibade argues that ‘an understanding and utilization of oral elements from African tradition and culture will entrench and enrich expository preaching’ (195).  He devotes an entire chapter to those ‘oral elements’ (125-156: songs, drama, poetry, proverbs, folklore, stories) and includes sample sermons (171-187) to demonstrate how it can work in practice.  These pages demonstrate how the title and sub-title of the book need not be seen as contradictory.

But the chapter which caught my eye is the more theoretical one: “Orality and Gospel Communication (71-124).  Orality is explained, the ‘pro-‘ and ‘anti-‘ stances are engaged, before he concludes with six implications for expository preaching in Africa — and elsewhere, I suspect, because the striking feature of the book is the ease with which it will cross borders and continents.

With Samuel Waje Kunhiyop’s African Christian Theology (link here), it is the combination of simplicity and sanity that impacts me.  It is still every bit a systematic theology, but along the way he lingers with issues from his African context.

So, for example, take The Spirit World (53-63), Blessings and Curses (108-124) and Reverence for Ancestors (135-139).  He holds on to Scripture, as a lens through which to look but also to critique, with wisdom and clarity.  It is a model.  Every culture needs this treatment.  Syncretism is a challenge everywhere, but we are better at seeing the problem in others than in ourselves!
This wisdom also gathers, or systematizes, truth to create (almost) little biblical-topical sermons on a host of fascinating matters, like the Anointing of the Spirit (97-103); the Name of Jesus (130-134); Spiritual Gifts (171-179); Church Discipline (179-188) — and even the Remuneration of Church Workers (203-207).

Tim Hartman’s Kwame Bediako (link here) was the shortest of the books, but the slowest to read.  It was worth it.  Maybe I was seduced, initially, by the exquisitely articulated chapter titles!  In what is ‘a theological introduction rather than a biography’ (xvi), the author takes us into the mind of one of Africa’s seminal theologians, with plenty of ‘ouch’ in its pages for Western readers. 

Essentially, ‘Bediako built an identity for African Christianity as a product of precolonial African spirituality and pre-Christendom Christianity’ (26).  It was his conviction that ‘missionaries did not bring Christ to Africa; Christ brought them’ (Bediako, on 41).  
How about this idea for an essay question?  ‘The gospel, not our human cultures, defines humanity’ (63).  In affirming its significance, Bediako required his students ‘to write an abstract for their theses in their mother tongue’ (70-71).

A bit like Abijade’s book on preaching, I was keen to discover what might be distinctively African in Elizabeth Mburu’s African Hermeneutics (link here).  Remembering that ‘what is behind the eyes (ie our worldview) can be more significant than what is before the eyes’, the opening discussion on features of the “African Worldview” (21-64) provokes readers from other cultures to do something similar as they commence.

Building a model for interpreting the Bible around a contextual image — ‘the four-legged stool’ — will linger in the memory: the Historical, Literary, Theological contexts — but ‘we must always begin with the African context because that is what we know … (enabling) us to move from the known to the unknown’ (66).  Then for the rest of the book, this is what she does with biblical genre.  Stories, Wisdom, Songs and Letters — starting with their presence in Africa and freeing this to assist with interpretation.

Samuel Waje Kunhiyop’s African Christian Ethics (link here) was first published in 2008 and can be seen as a companion volume to John Stott’s Issues Facing Christians Today (2006 edition).  Stott’s headings are Global, Social and Personal — while Kunhiyop’s are Political, Financial, Sexual, Medical and Religious.  It is interesting to observe the issues which Kunhiyop includes, but which Stott excludes (in targeting a more Western readership): like Church and State, Corruption, Fund-raising, Polygamy, Widows and Orphans, Sex-Trafficking, Female Circumcision, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse, Witchcraft…

Obviously, we need to take care here.  No one is saying, least of all Stott and Kunhiyop, that because an issue doesn’t appear in their Table of Contents it doesn’t appear in their societies.  No. No.  The way forward is to express our solidarity across a Global Church, by creating one Table of Contents out of the two — ready to engage each issue with head, heart and hand, wherever it appears.

A sixth book from Africa arrived just this past week…

It is the latest translation of the Africa Bible Commentary (link here), into Amharic.  I can’t read a word — but don’t the words look intriguing?!  Like many, I guess the interest in the church in Ethiopia all started with the Acts 8 story — but there has been so much more to it along the way.  Like the way J. Daniel Hays, in From Every People and Nation: a biblical theology of race, takes time to linger with every single biblical reference to Cush, Ethiopia and Nubia (there is more than you think, see here) — all the words refer to ‘the same continuous civilization; a civilization that stood as one of the major powers in the Ancient Near East for over 2000 years’ (36).  Then, what about Philip Jenkins’ reminders of the presence of an (almost) continuous church in Ethiopia (almost) since biblical times — and so for (almost) another 2000 years.  It is staggering.  ‘By the time the first Anglo-Saxons were converted, Ethiopian Christianity was already in its tenth generation’ (Next Christendom, 19) — or, consider the observation of the wandering Father Jeronimo Lobo, in the 1600s long before any modern missionary movement: ‘it is not possible to sing in one church without being heard in another’ (as quoted in Jenkins’ Lost History of Christianity, 55-56).

It is so humbling, isn’t it?  Welling up inside is such a desire to honour such perseverance, such witness — made all the more poignant by the difficulties which the country faces at the moment.

Anyhow, I ordered the book as a gift from Langham for the pastor of an Ethiopian church here in Auckland and am hoping to hand it over to him some time this week in the build-up to Easter.

nice chatting

Paul

PS1: Going back to Kwame Bediako — there is an annual Stott-Bediako Forum, organised by the International Fellowship for Mission as transformation (INFEMIT) which may be of interest (link here).
PS2: Aren’t the book covers cool?

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About Me

paul06.16

the art of unpacking

After a childhood in India, a theological training in the USA and a pastoral ministry in Southland (New Zealand), I spent twenty years in theological education in New Zealand — first at Laidlaw College and then at Carey Baptist College, where I served as principal. In 2009 I began working with Langham Partnership and since 2013 I have been the Programme Director (Langham Preaching). Through it all I've cherished the experience of the 'gracious hand of God upon me' and I've relished the opportunity to 'unpack', or exegete, all that I encounter in my walk through life with Jesus.

2 Comments

  1. Rachael Ayres on April 11, 2022 at 4:47 pm

    I’m working on a similar project – I have novels from 105 countries to read (and because chronological snobbery bothers me a lot I also am reading my way through a range of texts across history – I’m still in Ancient Egypt)
    Your books are obviously very different to novels, but I’m sure you’d agree there is a place for both.

  2. Paul on April 13, 2022 at 10:24 am

    Goodness me, that is seriously impressive, Rachael

    Novels have a way of living on in the imagination and so they will serve you well, I'm sure.

    Enjoy the dispersal on from Ancient Egypt.

    Best wishes — Paul

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